wkqrmqfrka u;= jQ jydíjdofha wk;=r y÷kd.ksuq
f,dj mqrd uqia,sï ne;su;ayq yþð W;aijh ieurefõ bl=;a 16 jeksodh' yþð W;aijh fjkqfjka w,a,d foúhka kuialdr lsÍu i|yd wkqrdOmqrfha iysrd uqia,sï uyd úoHd,fha bÈlr we;s m,a,shg meñKs idïm%odhsl uqia,sï ldka;djkag ,;õySâ, kue;s wka;jd§ lKavdhula ndOd lrñka isÿl< l,ne.Eksh ms<sn|j mqj; iEu mqj;am;lu m<ù ;sìKs' fuu isoaêfhka miqj lsisfjla fï .ek idlÉPd lsÍug fkdfm<UqKo we;af;kau wkqrdOmqrfha crurh .ek úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu jeo.;ah' ukao fuhska fmkShkafka idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjrekago fï wka;jd§kaf.ka ;¾ck t,a,ùug mgkaf.k we;s njhs' fï ;¾ck wkHd.ñlhkag;a t,a, jqjfyd;a isÿjkafka ljrlao@
Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjre iqkaks ksldhg wh;a uqia,sïjrekah' tfy;a uE;l isg jydíjdoh fõ.fhka me;sfrñka we;' ;õySâjrekao jydíjd§kah' iqkaks jydíjdofha m%uqL m%;sM,hla jkafka Tidud ìka ,dvkah' ;f,ndkajrekao ;j;a m%;sM,hls' tjka ;;a;ajhla ;=< wkqrdOmqrfha uqia,sï ldka;djkag t,a, jQ ;¾ck .ek ksyඬj isàug fkdyelsh' jydíjdoh Wm; ,enqfõ ijqÈ wrdìfha§h' th wd.ñl mqkreo jHdmdrhl fldgila f,i wdrïN úh' kuq;a oeka th wd.ñl uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdrhla njg m;aù we;' 18 jeks Y;j¾Ifha my< jq fuu u;jdofha uQ,drïNlhd f,i ie,flkafka uqyuâ bí wâ w,a jydí h' wo Ishd uqia,sïjre >d;kh lsÍug fm<fUkafkao fï jydíjreh'
ijqÈ wrdìh f,dj mqrd wd.ñl wka;jdoh i|yd uqo,a ,ndfok nj m%lg ryils' we;af;kau jydíjdoh f,dj mqrd me;srùu msKsi miq.sh ld,h mqrd ijqÈh fvd,¾ ì,shk 87 la jehlr we;' Y%S ,xld wd¾:slfha jákdluo fvd,¾ ì,shk 59 ls' thskau fï uqo,a m%udKh fldmuKo hkak fyd¢kau jgyd.; yelsh' kef.kysr m<df;a y;= msfmkakdla fuka bÈjk uoardId yd uqia,sï m,a,sj,g uqo,a ,efnkafka ijqÈfhks' uoardId tkï uqia,sï oyï mdi,aj, b.ekafjkafka jydíjdoh ñi idïm%odhsl uqia,sï wd.u kï fkdfõ' ish .Kka uqia,sï fkdjk mqoa.,hska uqia,sï wd.ug nkaojd .ekSugo ijqÈh fvd,¾ ñ,shk .Kkska jeh lrhs'
we;af;kau jydíjrekaf.a u;h wkqj ;ukaf.a iïm%odhg wh;a fkdjk ish,a,kau i;=rkah' tksidu wkqrdOmqrfha idïm%odhsl uqia,sï ldka;djkag tfrysj m%ydr t,a, úh' jydíjre 1801 yd 1802 § Ishdjrekaf.a mQckSh m,a,shla msysá brdlfha l¾n,d k.rhg myr ÿkay' uyïu;a;=udf.a uqKqmqrl= jk yqfiaka w,sf.a fidfydkafld; úkdY lrñka ish .Kka >d;kh l<y' th wo;a thdldrfhkau isÿfjhs' brdlfha Ishd uqia,sïjrekaf.a m,a,sj, msmsfrkafka lsf,da ish .Kka n/;s fndaïnh' brdlh wrdðl rdcHhla njg m;aj ;sfnkafka iqkaks igkaldó;ajh ksidh' fï iqkaksjrekag fndaïn .ikakg u;jdoh imhkafka ljqrekao@ jydíjrekah'
jydíjdoh w;= b;sß me;sÍ f,dj mqrd fõ.fhka me;sfrkakg mgka.;af;a 1970 ka miqjh' ijqÈ wrdìh iEu jirlu fï jHdmD;sh i|yd fvd,¾ ì,shk 2)3 ne.ska fjka lf<ah' jydíjdoh me;sÍu fjkqfjka f,dj mqrd uqia,sï m,a,s 1500 la wOHdmk uOHia:dk 210 lao ;j;a ish.Kkla uoardIdo bÈlr we;s nj udOHfõ§ vdjqâ w,a IÍ*a m%ldY lrhs' fï ish,a, isÿjkafka f;,a i,a,s u;h'
2001 iema;eïn¾ 11 m%ydrh ijqÈ rc;=ud úiska fy<d olsñka Tidud ìka ,dvkaj oeäfia úfõpkh l<y' kuq;a Tidudg fï ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka u;jdoh iemhqfka fld;ekskao@ ta i|yd uqo,a iemhqfka fld;ekska§o hkak fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' mlsia:dkfha uoardIdj, f,dj fndfyda rgj, uqia,sï ;reKfhda wd.u W.ks;s' tajd wo ;%ia;jd§ka ksIamdokh lrk l¾udka; Yd,d njg m;aj we;s nj m%lg lreKls' tfy;a fïjdg uqo,a iemfhkafkao iema;eïn¾ m%ydrh fy<d olsk ijqÈ rcqf.kauh'
wo isßhdfõ isÿjkafka l=ulao@ ckm;s nId¾ w,a widoag tfrysj isÿjk le/,a, l=ulao@ th jydíjd§kaf.a wr.,hhs' Ishd md,khg tfrysj igka jÈkakg ijqÈ wrdìh isßhdkq ler<slrejkag uqo,a fmdïm lrhs' 2011 ud¾;=fõ we;sjQ le/,af,ka fï jk úg isßhdkqjka ,laIhlg wêl msßila ñhf.dia ;j;a ñ,shk .Kkla wkd: ù we;' jydíjd§kag wjYH mßÈ ;ju;a isßhdkq ckm;sj t<jd oeóug yelsjQfha ke;' brdkh fï jydí wka;jdohg tfrysj lghq;= lrhs' brdlfha Èkm;du Ishd uqia,sïjreka ish .Kkska >d;kh jkafkao fï jydíjdofhka fmdaIKh jQ iqkaks ;%ia;jdoh ksidh' wo brdlh wid¾:l rdcHhla ù isú,a hqoaOhl meg,S we;' fï wd.ï Wu;=j ksid jeäfhkau urKhg m;ajkafkao uqia,sï cd;slfhdah' fydiaks uqndrla n,fhka myl< miq uqia,sï ifydaor;ajfha fudfyduâ fud¾Is trg n,hg m;aúh' uqia,sï wka;jdohg trg keUqrejkq ÿgq yuqodj tkï fckrd,a isis jydu fud¾Is ckm;sjrhd n,fhka mylrkq ,eîh' oeka uqia,sï ifydaor;ajh trg ;ykï lr we;' fï ifydaor;ajhg wdOdr iemhqfõ lõo@ ijqÈwrdìh ñi wka rgla fkdfõ' ,sìhdjo wo uqia,sï wka;jdofha f.dÿrla njg m;ajk ;ekla njg m;aù we;' wrdì jika;h flfia fj;;a fï yryd jydíjd§kag ish n,h jvd;a ;yjqre lsÍug yelshdj ,eìKs'
iuia; ,xld ;Íl;=,a uq*a,SySka ixúOdkfha iNdm;s tï' iS' ta' yóâ uy;d m%ldY lrkafka furg ;reK uqia,sïjrekag ijqÈ wrdìfhka YsIH;aj yd /lshd msßkeuqKq nj;a úfYaIfhka ijqÈ úYajúoHd,j,g we;=<;aj wOHdmkh wjika l< ;reKhka furgg meñKsfha jydíjd§ kHdh ;u ysfia r|jdf.k njhs' furg idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjre iq*Sjreh' kuq;a ;õySâjre Tjqkag tfrys fj;s' wkqrdOmqrfha isoaêho tjekakls'
ld;a;kal=äh m%foaYfha jydíjreka fkdtfiakï ;õySâjre b;d fyd¢ka n,h m;=rejdf.k isá;s' idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj fï ;õySâjre lsysmúglau m%pKav;ajh uqody<y' ;Íl;=,a uq*a,SySka ixúOdkh ld;a;kal=äfha§ uqia,sïjre i|yd o udkisl iykh ,nd§u msKsi Ndjkd uOHia:dkhla msysgq jQ w;r thg 1996 uehs 29 jeksod jydí wka;jd§kaf.ka m%ydrhla t,a, úh' Tjqyq fï uOHia:dkhg fndaïn .id .sks ;enQy' 2004 § o fuu uOHia:dkh jydí wka;jd§kaf.a m%ydrhg ,laúh' ;Íl;+,a ix.uhg wh;a uqia,sïjrekaf.a ksjdi yd foam< .sks ;eîh' 2009 § Wl=fj, k.rfha jir 150 la me/Ks uqia,sï m,a,shla .sks;nd úkdY lrkq ,enqfõ ;õySâjreka úisks' 2009 § fírej,§ ;õySâjreka yd iïm%odhsl uqia,sïjreka w;r hqoaOhla we;súh' tys§ fofofkla ureuqjg m;ajQ w;r ;j;a 40 la ;=jd, ,enQy' fï igkska miqj 132 la w;awvx.=jg .eksKs' wdrlaIdj i|yd fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾h n<ldh le|jkakg isÿúh'
Y%S ,xldj mqrd uqia,sïjreka w;r jydíjdoh YS>%fhka me;sÍu nrm;< m%Yakhls' miq.shod .%Ekaâmdia isxy, uqia,sï m%Yakh msgqmio jydíjd§ka isá nj m%lg lreKls' we;af;kau iïm%odhsl uqia,sïjreka fï wka;jd§ l,a,shlf.a f.dÿre njg m;a jqjfyd;a th iuia; rggu m%Yakhla jkq we;' wjidkfha fï jydíjd§ka wú wfudarkq we;af;a fn!oaOhskag tfrysjh'
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f,dj mqrd uqia,sï ne;su;ayq yþð W;aijh ieurefõ bl=;a 16 jeksodh' yþð W;aijh fjkqfjka w,a,d foúhka kuialdr lsÍu i|yd wkqrdOmqrfha iysrd uqia,sï uyd úoHd,fha bÈlr we;s m,a,shg meñKs idïm%odhsl uqia,sï ldka;djkag ,;õySâ, kue;s wka;jd§ lKavdhula ndOd lrñka isÿl< l,ne.Eksh ms<sn|j mqj; iEu mqj;am;lu m<ù ;sìKs' fuu isoaêfhka miqj lsisfjla fï .ek idlÉPd lsÍug fkdfm<UqKo we;af;kau wkqrdOmqrfha crurh .ek úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu jeo.;ah' ukao fuhska fmkShkafka idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjrekago fï wka;jd§kaf.ka ;¾ck t,a,ùug mgkaf.k we;s njhs' fï ;¾ck wkHd.ñlhkag;a t,a, jqjfyd;a isÿjkafka ljrlao@
Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjre iqkaks ksldhg wh;a uqia,sïjrekah' tfy;a uE;l isg jydíjdoh fõ.fhka me;sfrñka we;' ;õySâjrekao jydíjd§kah' iqkaks jydíjdofha m%uqL m%;sM,hla jkafka Tidud ìka ,dvkah' ;f,ndkajrekao ;j;a m%;sM,hls' tjka ;;a;ajhla ;=< wkqrdOmqrfha uqia,sï ldka;djkag t,a, jQ ;¾ck .ek ksyඬj isàug fkdyelsh' jydíjdoh Wm; ,enqfõ ijqÈ wrdìfha§h' th wd.ñl mqkreo jHdmdrhl fldgila f,i wdrïN úh' kuq;a oeka th wd.ñl uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdrhla njg m;aù we;' 18 jeks Y;j¾Ifha my< jq fuu u;jdofha uQ,drïNlhd f,i ie,flkafka uqyuâ bí wâ w,a jydí h' wo Ishd uqia,sïjre >d;kh lsÍug fm<fUkafkao fï jydíjreh'
ijqÈ wrdìh f,dj mqrd wd.ñl wka;jdoh i|yd uqo,a ,ndfok nj m%lg ryils' we;af;kau jydíjdoh f,dj mqrd me;srùu msKsi miq.sh ld,h mqrd ijqÈh fvd,¾ ì,shk 87 la jehlr we;' Y%S ,xld wd¾:slfha jákdluo fvd,¾ ì,shk 59 ls' thskau fï uqo,a m%udKh fldmuKo hkak fyd¢kau jgyd.; yelsh' kef.kysr m<df;a y;= msfmkakdla fuka bÈjk uoardId yd uqia,sï m,a,sj,g uqo,a ,efnkafka ijqÈfhks' uoardId tkï uqia,sï oyï mdi,aj, b.ekafjkafka jydíjdoh ñi idïm%odhsl uqia,sï wd.u kï fkdfõ' ish .Kka uqia,sï fkdjk mqoa.,hska uqia,sï wd.ug nkaojd .ekSugo ijqÈh fvd,¾ ñ,shk .Kkska jeh lrhs'
we;af;kau jydíjrekaf.a u;h wkqj ;ukaf.a iïm%odhg wh;a fkdjk ish,a,kau i;=rkah' tksidu wkqrdOmqrfha idïm%odhsl uqia,sï ldka;djkag tfrysj m%ydr t,a, úh' jydíjre 1801 yd 1802 § Ishdjrekaf.a mQckSh m,a,shla msysá brdlfha l¾n,d k.rhg myr ÿkay' uyïu;a;=udf.a uqKqmqrl= jk yqfiaka w,sf.a fidfydkafld; úkdY lrñka ish .Kka >d;kh l<y' th wo;a thdldrfhkau isÿfjhs' brdlfha Ishd uqia,sïjrekaf.a m,a,sj, msmsfrkafka lsf,da ish .Kka n/;s fndaïnh' brdlh wrdðl rdcHhla njg m;aj ;sfnkafka iqkaks igkaldó;ajh ksidh' fï iqkaksjrekag fndaïn .ikakg u;jdoh imhkafka ljqrekao@ jydíjrekah'
jydíjdoh w;= b;sß me;sÍ f,dj mqrd fõ.fhka me;sfrkakg mgka.;af;a 1970 ka miqjh' ijqÈ wrdìh iEu jirlu fï jHdmD;sh i|yd fvd,¾ ì,shk 2)3 ne.ska fjka lf<ah' jydíjdoh me;sÍu fjkqfjka f,dj mqrd uqia,sï m,a,s 1500 la wOHdmk uOHia:dk 210 lao ;j;a ish.Kkla uoardIdo bÈlr we;s nj udOHfõ§ vdjqâ w,a IÍ*a m%ldY lrhs' fï ish,a, isÿjkafka f;,a i,a,s u;h'
2001 iema;eïn¾ 11 m%ydrh ijqÈ rc;=ud úiska fy<d olsñka Tidud ìka ,dvkaj oeäfia úfõpkh l<y' kuq;a Tidudg fï ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka u;jdoh iemhqfka fld;ekskao@ ta i|yd uqo,a iemhqfka fld;ekska§o hkak fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' mlsia:dkfha uoardIdj, f,dj fndfyda rgj, uqia,sï ;reKfhda wd.u W.ks;s' tajd wo ;%ia;jd§ka ksIamdokh lrk l¾udka; Yd,d njg m;aj we;s nj m%lg lreKls' tfy;a fïjdg uqo,a iemfhkafkao iema;eïn¾ m%ydrh fy<d olsk ijqÈ rcqf.kauh'
wo isßhdfõ isÿjkafka l=ulao@ ckm;s nId¾ w,a widoag tfrysj isÿjk le/,a, l=ulao@ th jydíjd§kaf.a wr.,hhs' Ishd md,khg tfrysj igka jÈkakg ijqÈ wrdìh isßhdkq ler<slrejkag uqo,a fmdïm lrhs' 2011 ud¾;=fõ we;sjQ le/,af,ka fï jk úg isßhdkqjka ,laIhlg wêl msßila ñhf.dia ;j;a ñ,shk .Kkla wkd: ù we;' jydíjd§kag wjYH mßÈ ;ju;a isßhdkq ckm;sj t<jd oeóug yelsjQfha ke;' brdkh fï jydí wka;jdohg tfrysj lghq;= lrhs' brdlfha Èkm;du Ishd uqia,sïjreka ish .Kkska >d;kh jkafkao fï jydíjdofhka fmdaIKh jQ iqkaks ;%ia;jdoh ksidh' wo brdlh wid¾:l rdcHhla ù isú,a hqoaOhl meg,S we;' fï wd.ï Wu;=j ksid jeäfhkau urKhg m;ajkafkao uqia,sï cd;slfhdah' fydiaks uqndrla n,fhka myl< miq uqia,sï ifydaor;ajfha fudfyduâ fud¾Is trg n,hg m;aúh' uqia,sï wka;jdohg trg keUqrejkq ÿgq yuqodj tkï fckrd,a isis jydu fud¾Is ckm;sjrhd n,fhka mylrkq ,eîh' oeka uqia,sï ifydaor;ajh trg ;ykï lr we;' fï ifydaor;ajhg wdOdr iemhqfõ lõo@ ijqÈwrdìh ñi wka rgla fkdfõ' ,sìhdjo wo uqia,sï wka;jdofha f.dÿrla njg m;ajk ;ekla njg m;aù we;' wrdì jika;h flfia fj;;a fï yryd jydíjd§kag ish n,h jvd;a ;yjqre lsÍug yelshdj ,eìKs'
iuia; ,xld ;Íl;=,a uq*a,SySka ixúOdkfha iNdm;s tï' iS' ta' yóâ uy;d m%ldY lrkafka furg ;reK uqia,sïjrekag ijqÈ wrdìfhka YsIH;aj yd /lshd msßkeuqKq nj;a úfYaIfhka ijqÈ úYajúoHd,j,g we;=<;aj wOHdmkh wjika l< ;reKhka furgg meñKsfha jydíjd§ kHdh ;u ysfia r|jdf.k njhs' furg idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjre iq*Sjreh' kuq;a ;õySâjre Tjqkag tfrys fj;s' wkqrdOmqrfha isoaêho tjekakls'
ld;a;kal=äh m%foaYfha jydíjreka fkdtfiakï ;õySâjre b;d fyd¢ka n,h m;=rejdf.k isá;s' idïm%odhsl uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj fï ;õySâjre lsysmúglau m%pKav;ajh uqody<y' ;Íl;=,a uq*a,SySka ixúOdkh ld;a;kal=äfha§ uqia,sïjre i|yd o udkisl iykh ,nd§u msKsi Ndjkd uOHia:dkhla msysgq jQ w;r thg 1996 uehs 29 jeksod jydí wka;jd§kaf.ka m%ydrhla t,a, úh' Tjqyq fï uOHia:dkhg fndaïn .id .sks ;enQy' 2004 § o fuu uOHia:dkh jydí wka;jd§kaf.a m%ydrhg ,laúh' ;Íl;+,a ix.uhg wh;a uqia,sïjrekaf.a ksjdi yd foam< .sks ;eîh' 2009 § Wl=fj, k.rfha jir 150 la me/Ks uqia,sï m,a,shla .sks;nd úkdY lrkq ,enqfõ ;õySâjreka úisks' 2009 § fírej,§ ;õySâjreka yd iïm%odhsl uqia,sïjreka w;r hqoaOhla we;súh' tys§ fofofkla ureuqjg m;ajQ w;r ;j;a 40 la ;=jd, ,enQy' fï igkska miqj 132 la w;awvx.=jg .eksKs' wdrlaIdj i|yd fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾h n<ldh le|jkakg isÿúh'
Y%S ,xldj mqrd uqia,sïjreka w;r jydíjdoh YS>%fhka me;sÍu nrm;< m%Yakhls' miq.shod .%Ekaâmdia isxy, uqia,sï m%Yakh msgqmio jydíjd§ka isá nj m%lg lreKls' we;af;kau iïm%odhsl uqia,sïjreka fï wka;jd§ l,a,shlf.a f.dÿre njg m;a jqjfyd;a th iuia; rggu m%Yakhla jkq we;' wjidkfha fï jydíjd§ka wú wfudarkq we;af;a fn!oaOhskag tfrysjh'
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